Learn these dozen and you will recognise most of what swims past you on a first snorkelling trip.
The Red Sea has something like a thousand fish species, but a first-time snorkeller meets the same dozen over and over. Knowing their names turns a blur of colour into something you can actually follow.

The ones you cannot miss
Sergeant majors are the small black-and-yellow striped fish that mob the boat the moment anyone gets in. Parrotfish are the big blunt-headed ones you can hear crunching coral — that grinding noise underwater is them. Butterflyfish move in pairs and stay paired for years. Blue-spotted stingrays sit half-buried in sand patches between coral heads.
The ones worth looking for
Napoleon wrasse are the giants, up to two metres, with a bulging forehead and a habit of following divers. Lionfish hang motionless under overhangs with their fins spread — beautiful and venomous, so admire from a distance. Clownfish live in anemones, exactly as advertised, and defend them fiercely against anything that comes close.


The Red Sea has something like a thousand fish species, but a first-time snorkeller meets the same dozen over and over.
A word on the moray eel: it looks alarming with its mouth opening and closing, but that is simply how it breathes. It has no interest in you at all unless you put a hand into its hole.

